Thursday, November 29, 2007
Universities
A dynamic environment for learning, research and innovation.Australian universities will challenge and reward you academically, personally and professionally. They offer a stimulating environment for students from around the world to gain valuable skills, experiences and qualifications. In 2003 more than 105,000 international students from over 180 countries enrolled in higher education courses in Australia, preparing to launch their careers around the world.Australia has limitless opportunities waiting for you. You can choose from a vast range of courses including traditional academic areas of learning and research, as well as more practical courses with a vocational orientation. Each of Australia's universities has its own strengths and areas of specialisation, giving you a wide choice and access to the latest technology and research in your chosen field.In Australia, students take an active role in the learning process. Our universities place great importance on developing the ability to think creatively and independently, read widely and critically, participate in debate and function in teams. These skills will give you an edge in a competitive and ever-changing world.Australian universities are major producers of research and development. They have pioneered many new ideas and technologies, leading to advances in business, science and industry. Postgraduate students learn skills in research and specialised areas that put them at the forefront of the development and application of new technologies. You can be a part of this dynamic research environment and be at the leading edge of innovative technologies and research programs.Internationalisation of higher education and research is of great importance and Australian universities are major participants in international education and research projects and initiatives. They recruit academic staff from around the world who are leading experts in their fields. There are also student and staff exchange programs with institutions in the USA, UK, Canada, Europe and Asia.The rewards of studying at an Australian university are endless. Develop your potential in an innovative, flexible, yet supportive learning environment. Gain an internationally recognised qualification that will open doors for your future.Australian universities will challenge and reward you academically, personally and professionally.
Australian way of studying
Australia offers an education experience that makes a real difference.In Australia you will be expected to conduct independent research at all institutions, especially at university. You will be encouraged to collect and analyse data by yourself or in teams, to raise questions, to develop an argument in a logical form and to participate in discussion and debate with other students and teachers.The Australian education style is unique from our schools to our universities. In our schools students are taught creative and independent thinking in a dynamic learning environment.These skills are honed in our universities, where great importance is placed on developing the ability to think creatively and independently, read widely and critically, participate in debate and function in teams.Australia’s career-focussed vocational education and training encourages you to be an independent and active learner, both in the classroom and in work environments.Australian English language courses are practical, interactive and cater for everyone from beginners to advanced students to teacher training.All this involves you taking an active part in the learning process rather than passive listening and rote learning. At university or a vocational education and training institution you will attend lectures, seminars and tutorials but you will also spend time in libraries and laboratories conducting your own research. Most institutions in Australia offer counselling services and assistance to develop your study skills.Assessment methodsEach secondary school in Australia determines its own assessment method. In the final year of school you are assessed through a mixture of school-based and external exams. The Senior Secondary Certificate of Education is issued on the basis of the final results. Universities use these certificates as an admission guideline.Assessment methods for vocational education and training institutions and for coursework programs at universities vary. You may be assessed by examination towards the end of each semester and/or academic year, by continuous assessment through essays, presentations and tests or a combination of these.Assessment of a postgraduate research student is made by a committee that evaluates the quality of the student's thesis. The committee may ask you to take an oral examination to support your thesis.
Distance education
A variety of Australian education and training programs are offered offshore. These programs allow you to obtain Australian qualifications in your own country or to combine study at home with study in Australia.Australian institutions use leading-edge technologies and innovative approaches to deliver flexible learning programs that can be tailored to your needs. Where an Australian university offers courses at an offshore campus or through an agent, the institution will be expected to maintain standards at least equivalent to those provided in Australia and carry full responsibility for all aspects of delivery. However, it is important to know that Australian Government quality assurance measures can only extend to students who are in Australia and enrolled in a registered institution and course.Distance education courses are delivered by public and private institutions in Australia. Here are some examples of the way distance education can be delivered to you:courses taught in association with institutions in your country to ensure that they are appropriate to local conditions and adequately serviced by readily accessible staffAustralian institutions having set-up regional study centres in other countriescourses involving Australian lecturers and tutors providing short periods of face-to-face tuitionon-line interactive courses delivered via the InternetEntry requirementsYou should check with the institution of your choice about what courses are offered in distance mode and the entry requirements. You will probably need a Senior Secondary Certificate of Education (Year 12) or an equivalent certificate from another country for admission to undergraduate distance education in Australia. Admission into a distance education course is also possible by demonstrating maturity, motivation, work experience in a relevant area and through mature age special entrants' schemes.
Working while you study in Australia
International students studying in Australia on a student visa can apply for permission to work once they commence their course. Applying for a student visa with permission to work can be done electronically or on paper using form 157P.A visa with permission to work enables you to work up to 20 hours a week on a casual basis during course time and full-time during vacation periods. In some cases family members can also apply for permission to work up to 20 hours a week throughout the year. In the case of masters and doctorate students and AusAID or Defence-sponsored students, family members can apply for permission to work unlimited hours. If you are the family member of a student who has commenced a masters or doctorate course, you must bring evidence from the education provider that the student has started this course. Under certain circumstances dependants of students are permitted to work.The application charge for a student visa with permission to work is A$60 however this is subject to yearly review. Check the Department of Immigration and Citizenship (DIAC) website for up to date details The money you earn from working in Australia should only supplement your income and not be used as your only source of income. Before you come to Australia, you must show that you have enough money to pay for living expenses, education costs and travel for the duration of your study.Most students take part-time or casual jobs at some time during their studies. Some jobs are closely tied to courses of study (such as formal cadetships and informal arrangements such as part-time work by law students in solicitors' offices). Some students tutor school children or get jobs on campus in the canteen, the bookshop, in the institution's offices and as laboratory assistants. Some jobs are entirely outside the education community such as bartending, babysitting, gardening, hospitality, sales, information technology, restaurants, checkout work or fruit picking.Some institutions offer a job placement service. If work is available you will need to obtain a tax file number (TFN) from the Australian Tax Office. A TFN is a unique number issued to individuals and organisations to help the Tax Office administer tax and other Australian Government systems. It’s one of your most important forms of identification in Australia. It’s yours for life and keeping it secure is a good defence against identity theft.While it is not compulsory to quote a TFN without one you may:pay more tax than necessary, ornot be able to get government benefits you are entitled to receive.A TFN will also help you:lodge a tax returnask the Tax Office about your tax affairsstart or change jobslimit the amount of tax you pay on interest or dividends earned if you have savings accounts or investments that earn income.Your TFN is valuable. Don’t share it with friends and don’t provide it on the internet when applying for work. Keep it secure.Applying for a TFNIf you are a permanent migrant or temporary visitor to Australia you can apply for a TFN online after you arrive in Australia if you have a:visa that allows work rightsvisa that allows permanent migrationvalid overseas student visa, orvalid visa to stay in Australia indefinitely.To apply complete the Online individual tax file number (TFN) registration. When applying online, you do not have to physically provide proof of your identity.Applying for a TFN using false or other peoples’ identity details, or misusing your TFN, can mean heavy fines or jail.If you need more information about TFNs, you can:visit the Tax Office website at http://www.ato.gov.au/ orphone +61 2 6216 1111 between 8.00am and 6.00pm AEST, Monday to Friday.Student visa information on this website is an outline only and subject to change. For more detailed, accurate and up-to-date information on student visas and visa requirements please check the Department of Immigration and Citizenship (DIAC) website.visa requirementsvisas on the Department of Immigration and Citizenship (DIAC) website
Research excellence
Students at Australian universities are taught by academics recognised internationally for quality research. Australian universities are leading producers of new and critical ideas, and are major participants in international research projects and initiatives. Australia has produced seven Nobel Prize Laureates in the natural and medical sciences and one for literature. And it remains at the forefront of such challenging fields as biotechnology, solar power, drug design and astrophysics, as well as those enterprises only now beginning to emerge, such as nanotechnology and artificial intelligence.The Australian Government invested $5.7 billion in universities and other major research organisations in 2000. Through the Backing Australia's Ability initiative, $2.9 billion will be invested over the next five years to fund research that will stimulate economic and scientific innovation. Over $140 million will be spent over the next five years to establish Federation Fellowships. The fellowships aim to recruit world-class researchers to Australia, with up to five of the fellowships each year awarded to high-profile non-Australian researchers from overseas.More than 25 per cent of international students in Australian universities are enrolled at the postgraduate level. There are 35 special Research Centres and Key Centres of Teaching and Research based at Australian universities undertaking high-level research and providing a diverse range of undergraduate, postgraduate and specialised professional education courses in a variety of fields. Another 63 Cooperative Research Centres which foster joint research between universities and private industry.Other research organisations supported by the Australian Government include:CSIRO, the national scientific research agencyAustralian Research Council which administered $363 million in grants during 2002-03 National Health and Medical Research CentreThe Department of Industry, Tourism and Resources website can give you further information on excellence in areas such as innovation and technology.
Fake Degrees and Unaccredited Higher Education Provider
Australia has a strong quality assurance framework which protects the quality of Australian higher education. The National Protocols for Higher Education Processes set out common principles underpinning higher education accreditation and approval in Australia. These are endorsed by Commonwealth, State and mainland Territory Ministers. There is legislative protection for the titles “university” and “degree” in State and Territory legislation and under the Commonwealth Corporations Act 2001.On this pageWho Can Offer an Australian Degree?Fake Degrees, Bogus and Unauthorised InstitutionsEmail Enquiry ServiceFrequently Asked QuestionsWho Can Offer an Australian Degree?All universities and other institutions approved to offer degrees and other higher education awards are listed on the registers of the Australian Qualifications Framework (AQF).Institutions that are not listed on the AQF are not recognised by Commonwealth, State and mainland Territory Governments.Australian universities (and a small number of other institutions) are generally established under State or Territory legislation and once established they become self-accrediting and responsible for their own standards. Other institutions may be accredited (usually for a specified period) to offer particular courses leading to higher education awards and are monitored by State or Territory authorities. A list of these authorities is provided on the AQF website.[Return to Top]Fake Degrees, Bogus and Unauthorised InstitutionsFake DegreesThere are instances of testamurs and academic transcripts being offered for sale generally via the internet without any study involved. They could be transcripts for accredited Australian or overseas universities. They may include a clear disclaimer indicating the qualifications are fake/ to be used for novelty purposes.Universities are responsible for verifying qualifications offered in their name and protecting the use of their testamurs and academic transcripts, and take this responsibility seriously.The Australian Government and universities refer cases involving the fraudulent sale or use of fake degrees to the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission or to the Police as appropriate. Bogus Providers“Degree mills” – providers offering degrees after no or little formal study often via the internet, are a growing phenomenon. They may use an Australian or overseas address or require money to be sent to an Australian or overseas post box. Where there is a traceable link with Australia, the Commonwealth, State and Territory authorities can and do take action. Australian authorities also cooperate with authorities in other countries to pursue such providers.Universities and employers are very conscious of the need to check the authenticity of qualifications.Unauthorised Higher Education ProvidersThere are cases of institutions with an Australian name or associated with Australia in some way delivering higher education awards and courses overseas that are not recognised through listing on the AQF.Only higher education providers listed on the AQF are recognised by the Commonwealth, State and mainland Territory Governments.[Return to Top]Email Enquiry ServiceState and Territory Education Departments are responsible for investigating organisations that provide fake degrees in or are operating in the State or Territory and are not authorised to do so. State and Territory Government contact details are available on the AQF website.You may wish to notify the Department of Education, Science and Training, by email on highered@dest.gov.au or mail to: The Director, Quality Unit (Location 136), Higher Education Group, PO Box 9880, Canberra ACT 2601., if you have any queries about:an Australian institution; oran institution representing itself as being from Australia.[Return to Top]Frequently Asked Questions1. How can I check on the accreditation status of an organisation that calls itself a “university” and/or offers ‘degree’ awards and appears to be operating in Australia?Check the AQF registers . 2. Who would I notify if I came across an unaccredited higher education provider that appears to be operating in Australia?In the first instance, it would assist State and Territory Education Departments to investigate these organisations if you notified them by mail or email. State and Territory Government contact details are on the AQF website You could also notify the Department of Education, Science and Training on email on highered@dest.gov.au or mail to: The Director, Quality Unit (Location 136), Higher Education Group, PO Box 9880, Canberra ACT 2601. 3. What protections are in place for overseas students studying in Australia? Additional national requirements are in place to protect international students studying in Australia. Only institutions registered on the Commonwealth Register of Institutions and Courses for Overseas Students (CRICOS) are permitted to provide courses to overseas students. Details about approved institutions and courses for overseas students in Australia can be found at the CRICOS website.
Sunday, November 25, 2007
Finland
INSTITUTION TYPES & CREDENTIALS
Types of higher education institutions:
Yliopisto/Universitet (University)
Teknillinen korkeakoulu/Tekniska Högskolan (University of Technology)
Kauppakorkeakoulu/Handelshögskola (School of Economics and Business Administration)
Taidekorkeakoulu/Konsthögskola (Art Academy)
Maanpuolustuskorkeakoulu/Försvarshögskola (National Defence College)
Ammattikorkeakoulu (AMK)/Yrkeshögskola (YH) (Polytechnic)
School leaving and higher education credentials:
Ylioppilastutkinto/Studentexamen
Ammattikorkeakoulututkinto (AMK)/Yrkeshögskoleexamen (YH)
Farmaseutti/Farmaceut
Kandidaatti/Kandidat
Oikeusnotaari/Rättsnotarie
Eläinlääketieteen lisensiaatti/Veterinärmedicine licentiat
Hammaslääketieteen lisensiatti/Odontologie licentiat
Lääketieteen lisensiaatti/Medicine licentiat
Arkkitehti/Arkitekt
Diplomi-insinööri/Diplomingenjör
Maisema-arkkitehti/Landskapsarkitekt
Maisteri/Magister
Proviisori/Provisor
Upseeri/Officer
Yleisesikuntaupseeri/Generalstabsofficer
Erikoiseläinlääkäri/Specialveterinär
Erikoishammaslääkäri/Specialtandläkare
Erikoislääkäri/Specialläkare
Lisensiaatti/Licentiat
Tohtori/Doktor
STRUCTURE OF EDUCATION SYSTEM
Pre-higher education:
Duration of compulsory education:
Age of entry: 7
Age of exit: 16
Structure of school system:
Basic
Type of school providing this education: Peruskoulu/grundskola (basic school)
Length of program in years: 9
Age level from: 7 to: 16
Certificate/diploma awarded: Peruskoulun päästötodistus/Avgångsbetyg från grundskola (School Leaving Certificate)
General Secondary
Type of school providing this education: Lukio/gymnasiet
Length of program in years: 3
Age level from: 16 to: 19
Certificate/diploma awarded: ylioppilastutkinto/studentexamen (Matriculation Examination)
Vocational Secondary
Type of school providing this education: ammatillinen oppilaitos/yrkesläroanstalt, ammatillinen aikuiskoulutuskeskus/ vuxenutbildningscenter (adults), oppisopimuskoulutus/läroavtalsutbildning
Length of program in years: 3
Age level from: 16 to: 19
Certificate/diploma awarded: ammatillinen perustutkinto/yrkesinriktad grundexamen (Initial Vocational); ammattitutkinto/yrkesexamen (Further Vocational Qualification); erikoisammattitutkinto/specialyrkesexamen (Specialist Vocational Qualification)
School education:
After completing 9 years of basic education, students can choose between general upper secondary school and vocational upper secondary education. 1) General upper secondary school (lukio/gymnasiet) provides general education leading to the national Matriculation Examination (ylioppilastutkinto/studentexamen), which gives eligibility to all forms of higher education. 2) Vocational upper secondary education (ammatillinen koulutus/yrkesutbildning). Vocational education is provided in multi-field and specialized vocational institutes, as well as in apprenticeship training. An Initial Vocational Qualification (ammatillinen perustutkinto/yrkesinriktad grundexamen) takes three years to complete and gives eligibility to all forms of higher education. In vocational further education and training it is also possible to obtain Further Vocational Qualifications (ammattitutkinto/yrkesexamen) and Specialist Vocational Qualifications (erikoisammattitutkinto/specialyrkesexamen) which can only be taken in competence-based examinations and are mainly intended for employed adults.
Higher education:
Higher education is provided in two types of institutions: polytechnics (AMK/YH) and universities. Polytechncis are more practically-oriented, training professionals for expert posts, while universities carry out research and provide education based on it. There are 20 universities in Finland: 10 multidisciplinary universities, three universities of technology, three schools of economics and business administration and four art academies. All universities are State-owned. Lower academic degrees (usually called kandidaatti) require 120 credits and can usually be completed in three years; higher academic degrees (usually called maisteri) require 160-180 credits, meaning five years of full-time study. Universities also confer postgraduate degrees (lisensiatti/licenciat) and doctorates (tohtori/doktor). In the 1990s, the university degree system was revised to develop a two-stage system in nearly all fields. In the old system, lower university degrees were awarded in only a few fields of study, but in the present system they are awarded in most fields of study. Universities select their students independently. Competition for places is fierce and a numerus clausus applies in all fields. The polytechnic system was introduced in the 1990s to create a non-university sector in higher education. It is founded on a nationwide network of 29 regional polytechnics. Polytechnic degrees require 140-180 credits and usually take 3.5 to 4.5 years to complete. The Ministry of Education confirms the polytechnic degree programmes but the polytechnics make decisions concerning the curriculum.
Main laws/decrees governing higher education:
Decree: Act on Polytechnic Studies (255/1995) (Laki ammattikorkeakoulouluopinnoista) Year: 1995
Decree: Decree 464/1998 (Asetus korkeakoulututkintojen järjestemästä) Year: 1998
Decree: Decree on Polytechnic Studies (256/1995) (Asetus ammattikorkeakouluopinnoista) Year: 1995
Concerns: Polytechnics
Decree: Decrees pertaining to degrees, separate decrees for different fields of study.
Concerns: university sector
Decree: Universities Act (645/1997) (Yliopistolaki) Year: 1998
Decree: Universities Decree (115/1998) (Yliopistoasetus) Year: 1998
Academic year:
Classes from: Sep to: May
Long vacation from: 1 Jun to: 31 Aug
Languages of instruction: Finnish, Swedish
Stages of studies:
Non-university level post-secondary studies (technical/vocational type):
Non-university level:
Since the introduction of the non-university higher education sector in the 1990s, all higher vocational education has been gradually transferred to polytechnics (AMK). The degree conferred requires 140-180 credits (one credit corresponds to approximately 40 hours of study), depending on the field of study, and takes three-and-a-half to four-and-a-half years to obtain. Studies consist of basic and professional studies, optional studies, and practical studies to develop professional skills, as well as a research project. Degrees can be taken in the following fields: Natural Resources, Technology and Communications, Business and Administration, Tourism, Catering and Institutional Management, Health Care and Social Services, Culture and the Humanities and Education.
University level studies:
University level first stage: Bachelor's Degrees:
The lower academic degree (kandidaatti/kandidat) requires a minimum of 120 credits and takes at least three years to complete. The degree consists of basic and intermediate studies in the main subject, a Bachelor's thesis, studies in one or more minor subjects and language studies.
University level second stage: Master's Degrees:
The higher academic degree requires a minimum total of 160 credits, or a lower academic degree followed by 40-60 credits and a successful presentation of a Master's thesis. The higher academic degree usually takes at least five years of full-time study to complete or two years' further study beyond a lower degree. Since the reform of the degree system in the 1990s, higher academic degrees are usually called maisteri/magister. Other Master-level degrees are diplomi-insinööri/diplomingenjör in Engineering; arkkitehti/arkitekt and maisema-arkkitehti/landskapsarkitekt in Architecture; upseeri/officer and yleisesikuntaupseeri/generalstabsofficer in Defence; and proviisori/provisor in Pharmacy. In Medicine, Dentistry and Veterinary Medicine, the degree is called lisensiaatti/licentiat, which in other fields is a pre-doctoral research degree. The higher degree in Law is called kandidaati/kandidat.
University level third stage: Doctoral studies:
Students can apply for doctoral programmes after completing a higher academic degree. In most fields, an optional pre-doctoral degree (lisensiaati/licenciat) may be taken. A lisensiaatti/licenciat degree usually takes approximately two years of full-time study beyond a higher academic degree. Studies for the Doctor's degree (tohtori/doktor) take four years of full-time study beyond a higher academic degree or two years of full-time study beyond a lisensiaatti/licenciat degree and consist of theoretical studies, as well as a doctoral dissertation. In Medicine, Dentistry and Veterinary Medicine there are three professional postgraduate degrees: erkoislääkäri/specialläkare, erikoishammaslääkäri/specialtandläkare and erikoiseläinlääkäri/specialveterinaär. Including practical training, it takes 3 to 8 years' further study beyond a higher academic degree to complete these degrees.
Teacher education:
Training of pre-primary and primary/basic school teachers
Training of teachers in pre-school education and basic education (perusopetus) and General Upper Secondary School (lukio/gymnasiet) is offered in university faculties of education or other equivalent units called teacher education units. Since 1998, pre-school teacher education has been organized by faculties of education at universities. Students in pre-basic school teacher education complete the lower academic degree of kasvatustieteen kandidaatti/pedadogie kandidat. The majority of graduates with this degree work in day care centres as teachers and educators of children below school age or teach separate pre-school classes ("grade 0") of basic education. Students in class teacher education (grades 1-6 in basic education) take a higher academic degree, with the main subject in education. Class teacher education consists of basic, subject and advanced studies in education, subsidiary subject studies and teaching practice. Completing an extensive course (at least 35 credits) in a subsidiary subject will qualify the candidate to teach this subject as a subject teacher in basic education (grades 1-9).
Training of secondary school teachers
The qualification of a subject teacher is a higher academic degree requiring a minimum of 160 credits. The main subject is the subject the students intend to teach. Students study within the general framework for subject teacher education in the faculty of their main subject which is responsible for organizing the subject teaching. The department of teacher education is responsible for organizing the pedagogical studies. Subject teacher education includes 35 credits of pedagogical studies. Those holding a higher academic degree with a relevant main subject can complete 35 credits of separate pedagogical studies for teachers in a teacher education unit. Subject teacher education provides wide-ranging qualifications for basic education and general upper secondary education, as well as qualifications to teach general subjects in vocational institutes and liberal adult education institutions.Depending on the institution and subject, vocational subject teachers must have 1) an appropriate higher university degree; 2) an appropriate polytechnic (AMK/YH) degree or 3) the highest qualification in their own field, at least three years' work experience in the field and at least 35 credits in pedagogical studies completed in a teacher training unit of a university or polytechnic.
Training of higher education teachers
Only teacher educators have to take compulsory pedagogical studies. Universities offer voluntary pedagogical courses for their teachers.
Non-traditional studies:
Distance higher education
Open university instruction is organized by the centres for continuing education of universities, according to university syllabuses. There are no formal educational pre-requirements. Open universities do not award degrees but, after completing about 60 credits, students may apply for a place at the respective universities.
Lifelong higher education
The centres for continuing education of universities provide professional courses for university and polytechnic degree holders. The length of the courses varies; after longer programmes certain Diplomas or Certificates, e.g. Proficiency Diplomas, BBAs, MBAs etc., can be awarded.
Other forms of non-formal higher education
Higher education institutions enrol non-graduating extra students to study a course or part of a syllabus. The institutions have their own regulations for these extra students. Information on applications is provided by the institutions.
NATIONAL BODIES
Administration & co-ordination:
Responsible authorities:
Ministry of Education (Opetusministeriö)
Head: Maija Rask, Minister
Administrative officer: Markku Linna, Secretary-General
PO Box 29FIN-00023 GOVERNMENT HelsinkiFinland
Tel: +358(9) 160-041
Fax: +358(9) 135-9335
EMail: kirjaamo@minedu.fi
WWW: http://www.minedu.fi
Department for Education and Science Policy, Ministry of Education (Koulutus-ja tiedepolitiikan osasto, Opetusministeriö)
Head: Arvo Jäppinen, Director-General
PO Box 29FIN-00023 GOVERNMENT HelsinkiFinland
Tel: +358(9) 160-041
Fax: +358(9) 135-9335
EMail: arvo.jappinen@minedu.fi
WWW: http://www.minedu.fi
Role of governing body: Supervision, overall development and planning of education and research in university sector.
Finnish Council of University Rectors (Suomen yliopistojen rehtorien neuvosto)
Head: Prof. Paavo Uronen, Chairman
Administrative officer: Dr. Tapio Markkanen, Secretary-General
PO Box 3University of Helsinki00014 HelsinkiFinland
Tel: +358(9) 1912-2335
Fax: +358(9) 1912-2194
EMail: rectors-council@helsinki.fi
WWW: http://www.rectors-council.helsinki.fi/
Role of governing body: Cooperation between institutions; makes recommendations and declarations
Finnish Higher Education Evaluation Council (FINHEEC) (Korkeakoulujen arviointineuvosto)
PO Box 20FIN-00501 HelsinkiFinland
Tel: +358(9) 7748-8411
Fax: +358(9) 7748-8414
EMail: finheec@minedu.fi
WWW: http://www.finheec.fi
Role of governing body: Independent expert body assisting universities, polytechnics and the Ministry of Education in matters relating to evaluation
The Rectors' Conference of Finnish Polytechnics (Ammattikorkeakoulujen Rehtorineuvosto (ARENE))
Head: Tapio Varmola, President
Administrative officer: Kaj Malm, Secretary-General
Rikhardinkatu 4 B 22FIN-00130 HelsinkiFinland
Tel: +358(9) 612-9920
Fax: +358(9) 612-9230
WWW: http://www.arene.fi
Centre for International Mobility (CIMO) (Kansinvâlisen henkilövaihdon keskus
Head: Ulla Ekberg, Director
PO Box 343 (Hakaniemenkatu 2)FIN-00531 HelsinkiFinland
Tel: +358(9) 7747-7064
Fax: +358(9) 7747-7910
EMail: cimoinfo@cimo.fi
WWW: http://www.cimo.fi
National Board of Education (Opetushallitus)
PO Box 380 (Hakaniemenkatu 2)00531 HelsinkiFinland
Tel: +358(9) 774-775
Fax: +358(9) 7747-7201
EMail: opetushallitus@oph.fi
WWW: http://www.oph.fi/english
Role of governing body: Advisory board for Ministry of Education
ADMISSIONS TO HIGHER EDUCATION
Admission to non university higher education studies
Name of secondary school credential required: Ylioppilastutkinto/Studentexamen
Alternatives to credentials:
Recognized equivalent credentials, e.g. International Baccalaureate.; completed upper secondary school or a three-year vocational qualification
Entrance exams required:
Various types of entrance examinations
Other admission requirements:
.
Admission to university-level studies
Name of secondary school credential required: Ylioppilastutkinto/Studentexamen
Alternatives to credentials: Other equivalent credentials, e.g. International Baccalaureate; completed upper secondary school or a three-year vocational qualification. After having completed a certain part (approx. 60 credits) of open university studies, students can apply for a study place at the respective university, in the respective degree programme.
Entrance exams required: Various types of entrance examinations
Foreign students admission
Definition of foreign student: The term foreign student usually applies to all the students, regardless of nationality or native language, who have completed their secondary education in any country other than Finland. Other definitions are also used by universities: definition may depend on nationality or native language of the student.
Admission requirements: Students must have completed secondary education. Enrolment or eligibility to enrol in an institution of higher education of corresponding level in the country of origin. Universities select their students independently. Entrance examinations may apply.
Entry regulations: Students who are not from Nordic countries or the European Union must have a visa and a valid residence permit before arrival in Finland if their studies take more than three months.
Language requirements: In most cases, students must have good working knowledge of Finnish or Swedish. In some cases, they must show proof of their good knowledge of English.
Application procedures:
Apply to individual institution for entry to: Universities and Polytechnics
Recognition of studies & qualifications:
Studies pursued in home country (System of recognition/accreditation): Universities, polytechnics and their programmes are assessed by the Finnish Higher Education Evaluation Council (http://www.finheec.fi)
Studies pursued in foreign countries (bodies dealing with recognition of foreign credentials):
ENIC/NARIC, National Academic Recognition Information Centre, National Board of Education (Opetushallitus)
Head: Jukka Sarjala, Director-General
Administrative officer: Carita Blomqvist, Contact person, Counsellor of Education
PO Box 380 (Hakaniemenkatu 2)FIN-00531 HelsinkiFinland
Tel: +358(9) 774-775
Fax: +358(9) 7747-7201
EMail: recognition@oph.fi
WWW: http://www.oph.fi/english/
Deals with credential recognition for entry to: Profession
Other information sources on recognition of foreign studies: Universities: academic recognition of credentials in order to enter the university. National Board of Medico-legal Affairs and Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry: authorization to practise Medical professions.
Special provisions for recognition:
For the exercise of a profession: Recognition is required for certain public posts. As a member of the European Union, Finland implements the directives on recognition of qualifications.
Multilateral agreements concerning recognition of foreign studies
Name of agreement: Convention on the Recognition of Study Attainments in the Nordic Countries
Year of signature: 1976
Name of agreement: European Agreement on Continued Payment of Scholarships to Students Studying Abroad
Year of signature: 1991
Name of agreement: European Convention on the Academic Recognition of University Qualifications
Year of signature: 1991
Name of agreement: European Convention on the Equivalence of Diplomas Leading to Admission to Universities
Year of signature: 1991
Name of agreement: European Convention on the Equivalence of Periods of University Study
Year of signature: 1991
Name of agreement: European Convention on the General Equivalence of Periods of University Study
Year of signature: 1991
Name of agreement: Protocol to the European Convention on the Equivalence of the Diplomas Leading to Admission to Universities
Year of signature: 1991
Name of agreement: Unesco Regional Convention for the Europe Region on the Recognition of Academic Studies, Diplomas and Degrees
Year of signature: 1982
Name of agreement: Unesco: Recommendation on the Recognition of Studies and Qualifications in Higher Education
Year of signature: 1993
References to further information on foreign student admissions and recognition of studies
Title: Higher education in Finland: an introduction
Publisher: CIMO
Year of publication: 1999
Title: Recognition of Qualifications taken outside Finland
Publisher: National Board of Education (www.oph.fi/english)
Year of publication: 2002
Title: Study in Finland. International Programmes in Finnish Higher Education
Publisher: CIMO
Year of publication: 2001
STUDENT LIFE
Main student services at national level
Employment Offices, Ministry of Labour
PO Box 34FIN-00023 ValtioneuvostoFinland
Tel: +358(9)18561
EMail: Kirjaamo.Tyoministerio@mol.fi
WWW: http://www.mol.fi
Category of services provided: Academic and career counselling services; Employment services
Finnish Student Health Service
Töölönkatu 37 AFIN-00260 HelsinkiFinland
Tel: +358(9)405-051
Category of services provided: Social and welfare services
Services available to foreign Students: Yes
Finnish Student Housing - Suomen opiskelija-asunott Oy
Kalevankatu 4 A 1600100 HelsinkiFinland
Fax: +358(9) 6803-3451
EMail: info@soa.fi
Category of services provided: Social and welfare services
Services available to foreign Students: Yes
National student associations and unions
The National Union of Finnish Students (SYL)
Kalevankatu 3 A 4600100 HelsinkiFinland
Tel: +358(9) 9680-3110
EMail: syl@syl.helsinki.fi
WWW: http://www.syl.helsinki.fi
Union of Finnish Polytechnic Students (SAMOK)
Mäkelänkatu 56, 3rd floor00510 HelsinkiFinland
Tel: +358(9) 8560-7600
Fax: +358(9) 8560-7699
EMail: kvasiat@samok.fi
WWW: http://www.samok.fi
Health/social provisions
Social security for home students: Yes
Social security for foreign students: Yes
Foreign student social security provisions: National Sickness Insurance Scheme covers foreign students who stay in Finland more than 12 consecutive months, for EU & Nordic countries and, if there is a reciprocal agreement, even shorter periods.
Special student travel fares:
By road: Yes
By rail: Yes
By air: Yes
Available to foreign students: Yes
Student expenses and financial aid
Student costs:
Average living costs: 670 (Euro)
Home students tuition fees: Minimum: 0 (Euro)
Foreign students tuition fees: Minimum: 0 (Euro)
Bodies providing information on student financial aid:
Centre for International Mobility (CIMO)
PO Box 343 (Hakaniemenkatu 2)FIN-00531 HelsinkiFinland
Tel: +358(9) 7747-7064
Fax: +358(9) 7747-7910
EMail: cimoinfo@cimo.fi
WWW: http://www.cimo.fi
Deals with: Grants
Category of students: Advanced level students and researchers.
The Social Insurance Institution (KELA) Centre for Student Financial Aid
PO Box 228Vapaudenkatu 48-5040101 JyväskyläFinland
Tel: 358(20) 434-6770
WWW: http://www.kela.fi/english
Deals with: Grants and Loans
Category of students: Foreigners who have lived in Finland for at least two years or for some other reasons than studies and whose residence in Finland is considered permanent. In some cases, others may also qualify. Contact your university first.
Publications on student services and financial aid:
Title: Grants and Study Aid for Foreigners living in Finland
Publisher: The National Union of Finnish Students
Title: Higher Education in Finland. An Introduction
Publisher: CIMO
Year of publication: 1999
Title: Scholarships for foreign post-graduates and young researchers
Publisher: CIMO
Year of publication: 1999
Title: Study Abroad 2000-2001
Publisher: UNESCO/IBE
Year of publication: 1999
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION & EXCHANGES
Principal national bodies responsible for dealing with international cooperation and exchanges in higher education:
Centre for International Mobility (CIMO)
PO Box 343 (Hakaniemenkatu 2)FIN-00531 HelsinkiFinland
Tel: +358(9) 7747-7064
Fax: +358(9) 7747-7910
EMail: cimoinfo@cimo.fi
WWW: http://www.cimo.fi
Ministry of Education
PO Box 293Meritullinkatu 1000171 HelsinkiFinland
Tel: +358(9) 160-041
Fax: +358(9) 135-9335
EMail: kirjaamo@minedu.fi
WWW: http://www.minedu.fi
Participation of country in multilateral or bilateral higher education programmes
Name of exchange programme: ISEP
Name of exchange programme: NORDPLUS
Name of exchange programme: Other EU programmes of higher education
Name of exchange programme: SOCRATES, LEONARDO
GRADING SYSTEM
Usual grading system in secondary school
Full Description: Upper secondary school: 4-10; 0 (fail) - 7 (improbatur - laudatur) for Matriculation Examination. Vocational education: 1-5.
Highest on scale: 10 (upper sec. school) / 5 (vocational educ.)
Pass/fail level: 5 (upper sec. school) / 1 (vocational educ.)
Lowest on scale: 4 (upper sec. school) / 1 (vocational educ.)
Main grading system used by higher education institutions
Full Description: There is no uniform system. Most systems are as follows: 1(lowest)-3 or satisfactory, good, excellent; 1(lowest)-5; pass/fail
Highest on scale: 3/excellent (FI erinomaiset,SV utmärkta); 5
Pass/fail level: 1/satisfactory (tyydyttävät,nöjaktiga); 1
Lowest on scale: 1/satisfactory; 0
Other main grading systems
For theses, most usually: approbatur (lowest), lubenter appr., non sine laude appr., cum laude appr., magna c.l.appr., eximia c. l. appr. and laudatur (highest). Scale 1-5 (highest) also in use.
NOTES ON HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM
Data for academic year: 2001-2002
Source: National Board of Education, Helsinki, 2002
Types of higher education institutions:
Yliopisto/Universitet (University)
Teknillinen korkeakoulu/Tekniska Högskolan (University of Technology)
Kauppakorkeakoulu/Handelshögskola (School of Economics and Business Administration)
Taidekorkeakoulu/Konsthögskola (Art Academy)
Maanpuolustuskorkeakoulu/Försvarshögskola (National Defence College)
Ammattikorkeakoulu (AMK)/Yrkeshögskola (YH) (Polytechnic)
School leaving and higher education credentials:
Ylioppilastutkinto/Studentexamen
Ammattikorkeakoulututkinto (AMK)/Yrkeshögskoleexamen (YH)
Farmaseutti/Farmaceut
Kandidaatti/Kandidat
Oikeusnotaari/Rättsnotarie
Eläinlääketieteen lisensiaatti/Veterinärmedicine licentiat
Hammaslääketieteen lisensiatti/Odontologie licentiat
Lääketieteen lisensiaatti/Medicine licentiat
Arkkitehti/Arkitekt
Diplomi-insinööri/Diplomingenjör
Maisema-arkkitehti/Landskapsarkitekt
Maisteri/Magister
Proviisori/Provisor
Upseeri/Officer
Yleisesikuntaupseeri/Generalstabsofficer
Erikoiseläinlääkäri/Specialveterinär
Erikoishammaslääkäri/Specialtandläkare
Erikoislääkäri/Specialläkare
Lisensiaatti/Licentiat
Tohtori/Doktor
STRUCTURE OF EDUCATION SYSTEM
Pre-higher education:
Duration of compulsory education:
Age of entry: 7
Age of exit: 16
Structure of school system:
Basic
Type of school providing this education: Peruskoulu/grundskola (basic school)
Length of program in years: 9
Age level from: 7 to: 16
Certificate/diploma awarded: Peruskoulun päästötodistus/Avgångsbetyg från grundskola (School Leaving Certificate)
General Secondary
Type of school providing this education: Lukio/gymnasiet
Length of program in years: 3
Age level from: 16 to: 19
Certificate/diploma awarded: ylioppilastutkinto/studentexamen (Matriculation Examination)
Vocational Secondary
Type of school providing this education: ammatillinen oppilaitos/yrkesläroanstalt, ammatillinen aikuiskoulutuskeskus/ vuxenutbildningscenter (adults), oppisopimuskoulutus/läroavtalsutbildning
Length of program in years: 3
Age level from: 16 to: 19
Certificate/diploma awarded: ammatillinen perustutkinto/yrkesinriktad grundexamen (Initial Vocational); ammattitutkinto/yrkesexamen (Further Vocational Qualification); erikoisammattitutkinto/specialyrkesexamen (Specialist Vocational Qualification)
School education:
After completing 9 years of basic education, students can choose between general upper secondary school and vocational upper secondary education. 1) General upper secondary school (lukio/gymnasiet) provides general education leading to the national Matriculation Examination (ylioppilastutkinto/studentexamen), which gives eligibility to all forms of higher education. 2) Vocational upper secondary education (ammatillinen koulutus/yrkesutbildning). Vocational education is provided in multi-field and specialized vocational institutes, as well as in apprenticeship training. An Initial Vocational Qualification (ammatillinen perustutkinto/yrkesinriktad grundexamen) takes three years to complete and gives eligibility to all forms of higher education. In vocational further education and training it is also possible to obtain Further Vocational Qualifications (ammattitutkinto/yrkesexamen) and Specialist Vocational Qualifications (erikoisammattitutkinto/specialyrkesexamen) which can only be taken in competence-based examinations and are mainly intended for employed adults.
Higher education:
Higher education is provided in two types of institutions: polytechnics (AMK/YH) and universities. Polytechncis are more practically-oriented, training professionals for expert posts, while universities carry out research and provide education based on it. There are 20 universities in Finland: 10 multidisciplinary universities, three universities of technology, three schools of economics and business administration and four art academies. All universities are State-owned. Lower academic degrees (usually called kandidaatti) require 120 credits and can usually be completed in three years; higher academic degrees (usually called maisteri) require 160-180 credits, meaning five years of full-time study. Universities also confer postgraduate degrees (lisensiatti/licenciat) and doctorates (tohtori/doktor). In the 1990s, the university degree system was revised to develop a two-stage system in nearly all fields. In the old system, lower university degrees were awarded in only a few fields of study, but in the present system they are awarded in most fields of study. Universities select their students independently. Competition for places is fierce and a numerus clausus applies in all fields. The polytechnic system was introduced in the 1990s to create a non-university sector in higher education. It is founded on a nationwide network of 29 regional polytechnics. Polytechnic degrees require 140-180 credits and usually take 3.5 to 4.5 years to complete. The Ministry of Education confirms the polytechnic degree programmes but the polytechnics make decisions concerning the curriculum.
Main laws/decrees governing higher education:
Decree: Act on Polytechnic Studies (255/1995) (Laki ammattikorkeakoulouluopinnoista) Year: 1995
Decree: Decree 464/1998 (Asetus korkeakoulututkintojen järjestemästä) Year: 1998
Decree: Decree on Polytechnic Studies (256/1995) (Asetus ammattikorkeakouluopinnoista) Year: 1995
Concerns: Polytechnics
Decree: Decrees pertaining to degrees, separate decrees for different fields of study.
Concerns: university sector
Decree: Universities Act (645/1997) (Yliopistolaki) Year: 1998
Decree: Universities Decree (115/1998) (Yliopistoasetus) Year: 1998
Academic year:
Classes from: Sep to: May
Long vacation from: 1 Jun to: 31 Aug
Languages of instruction: Finnish, Swedish
Stages of studies:
Non-university level post-secondary studies (technical/vocational type):
Non-university level:
Since the introduction of the non-university higher education sector in the 1990s, all higher vocational education has been gradually transferred to polytechnics (AMK). The degree conferred requires 140-180 credits (one credit corresponds to approximately 40 hours of study), depending on the field of study, and takes three-and-a-half to four-and-a-half years to obtain. Studies consist of basic and professional studies, optional studies, and practical studies to develop professional skills, as well as a research project. Degrees can be taken in the following fields: Natural Resources, Technology and Communications, Business and Administration, Tourism, Catering and Institutional Management, Health Care and Social Services, Culture and the Humanities and Education.
University level studies:
University level first stage: Bachelor's Degrees:
The lower academic degree (kandidaatti/kandidat) requires a minimum of 120 credits and takes at least three years to complete. The degree consists of basic and intermediate studies in the main subject, a Bachelor's thesis, studies in one or more minor subjects and language studies.
University level second stage: Master's Degrees:
The higher academic degree requires a minimum total of 160 credits, or a lower academic degree followed by 40-60 credits and a successful presentation of a Master's thesis. The higher academic degree usually takes at least five years of full-time study to complete or two years' further study beyond a lower degree. Since the reform of the degree system in the 1990s, higher academic degrees are usually called maisteri/magister. Other Master-level degrees are diplomi-insinööri/diplomingenjör in Engineering; arkkitehti/arkitekt and maisema-arkkitehti/landskapsarkitekt in Architecture; upseeri/officer and yleisesikuntaupseeri/generalstabsofficer in Defence; and proviisori/provisor in Pharmacy. In Medicine, Dentistry and Veterinary Medicine, the degree is called lisensiaatti/licentiat, which in other fields is a pre-doctoral research degree. The higher degree in Law is called kandidaati/kandidat.
University level third stage: Doctoral studies:
Students can apply for doctoral programmes after completing a higher academic degree. In most fields, an optional pre-doctoral degree (lisensiaati/licenciat) may be taken. A lisensiaatti/licenciat degree usually takes approximately two years of full-time study beyond a higher academic degree. Studies for the Doctor's degree (tohtori/doktor) take four years of full-time study beyond a higher academic degree or two years of full-time study beyond a lisensiaatti/licenciat degree and consist of theoretical studies, as well as a doctoral dissertation. In Medicine, Dentistry and Veterinary Medicine there are three professional postgraduate degrees: erkoislääkäri/specialläkare, erikoishammaslääkäri/specialtandläkare and erikoiseläinlääkäri/specialveterinaär. Including practical training, it takes 3 to 8 years' further study beyond a higher academic degree to complete these degrees.
Teacher education:
Training of pre-primary and primary/basic school teachers
Training of teachers in pre-school education and basic education (perusopetus) and General Upper Secondary School (lukio/gymnasiet) is offered in university faculties of education or other equivalent units called teacher education units. Since 1998, pre-school teacher education has been organized by faculties of education at universities. Students in pre-basic school teacher education complete the lower academic degree of kasvatustieteen kandidaatti/pedadogie kandidat. The majority of graduates with this degree work in day care centres as teachers and educators of children below school age or teach separate pre-school classes ("grade 0") of basic education. Students in class teacher education (grades 1-6 in basic education) take a higher academic degree, with the main subject in education. Class teacher education consists of basic, subject and advanced studies in education, subsidiary subject studies and teaching practice. Completing an extensive course (at least 35 credits) in a subsidiary subject will qualify the candidate to teach this subject as a subject teacher in basic education (grades 1-9).
Training of secondary school teachers
The qualification of a subject teacher is a higher academic degree requiring a minimum of 160 credits. The main subject is the subject the students intend to teach. Students study within the general framework for subject teacher education in the faculty of their main subject which is responsible for organizing the subject teaching. The department of teacher education is responsible for organizing the pedagogical studies. Subject teacher education includes 35 credits of pedagogical studies. Those holding a higher academic degree with a relevant main subject can complete 35 credits of separate pedagogical studies for teachers in a teacher education unit. Subject teacher education provides wide-ranging qualifications for basic education and general upper secondary education, as well as qualifications to teach general subjects in vocational institutes and liberal adult education institutions.Depending on the institution and subject, vocational subject teachers must have 1) an appropriate higher university degree; 2) an appropriate polytechnic (AMK/YH) degree or 3) the highest qualification in their own field, at least three years' work experience in the field and at least 35 credits in pedagogical studies completed in a teacher training unit of a university or polytechnic.
Training of higher education teachers
Only teacher educators have to take compulsory pedagogical studies. Universities offer voluntary pedagogical courses for their teachers.
Non-traditional studies:
Distance higher education
Open university instruction is organized by the centres for continuing education of universities, according to university syllabuses. There are no formal educational pre-requirements. Open universities do not award degrees but, after completing about 60 credits, students may apply for a place at the respective universities.
Lifelong higher education
The centres for continuing education of universities provide professional courses for university and polytechnic degree holders. The length of the courses varies; after longer programmes certain Diplomas or Certificates, e.g. Proficiency Diplomas, BBAs, MBAs etc., can be awarded.
Other forms of non-formal higher education
Higher education institutions enrol non-graduating extra students to study a course or part of a syllabus. The institutions have their own regulations for these extra students. Information on applications is provided by the institutions.
NATIONAL BODIES
Administration & co-ordination:
Responsible authorities:
Ministry of Education (Opetusministeriö)
Head: Maija Rask, Minister
Administrative officer: Markku Linna, Secretary-General
PO Box 29FIN-00023 GOVERNMENT HelsinkiFinland
Tel: +358(9) 160-041
Fax: +358(9) 135-9335
EMail: kirjaamo@minedu.fi
WWW: http://www.minedu.fi
Department for Education and Science Policy, Ministry of Education (Koulutus-ja tiedepolitiikan osasto, Opetusministeriö)
Head: Arvo Jäppinen, Director-General
PO Box 29FIN-00023 GOVERNMENT HelsinkiFinland
Tel: +358(9) 160-041
Fax: +358(9) 135-9335
EMail: arvo.jappinen@minedu.fi
WWW: http://www.minedu.fi
Role of governing body: Supervision, overall development and planning of education and research in university sector.
Finnish Council of University Rectors (Suomen yliopistojen rehtorien neuvosto)
Head: Prof. Paavo Uronen, Chairman
Administrative officer: Dr. Tapio Markkanen, Secretary-General
PO Box 3University of Helsinki00014 HelsinkiFinland
Tel: +358(9) 1912-2335
Fax: +358(9) 1912-2194
EMail: rectors-council@helsinki.fi
WWW: http://www.rectors-council.helsinki.fi/
Role of governing body: Cooperation between institutions; makes recommendations and declarations
Finnish Higher Education Evaluation Council (FINHEEC) (Korkeakoulujen arviointineuvosto)
PO Box 20FIN-00501 HelsinkiFinland
Tel: +358(9) 7748-8411
Fax: +358(9) 7748-8414
EMail: finheec@minedu.fi
WWW: http://www.finheec.fi
Role of governing body: Independent expert body assisting universities, polytechnics and the Ministry of Education in matters relating to evaluation
The Rectors' Conference of Finnish Polytechnics (Ammattikorkeakoulujen Rehtorineuvosto (ARENE))
Head: Tapio Varmola, President
Administrative officer: Kaj Malm, Secretary-General
Rikhardinkatu 4 B 22FIN-00130 HelsinkiFinland
Tel: +358(9) 612-9920
Fax: +358(9) 612-9230
WWW: http://www.arene.fi
Centre for International Mobility (CIMO) (Kansinvâlisen henkilövaihdon keskus
Head: Ulla Ekberg, Director
PO Box 343 (Hakaniemenkatu 2)FIN-00531 HelsinkiFinland
Tel: +358(9) 7747-7064
Fax: +358(9) 7747-7910
EMail: cimoinfo@cimo.fi
WWW: http://www.cimo.fi
National Board of Education (Opetushallitus)
PO Box 380 (Hakaniemenkatu 2)00531 HelsinkiFinland
Tel: +358(9) 774-775
Fax: +358(9) 7747-7201
EMail: opetushallitus@oph.fi
WWW: http://www.oph.fi/english
Role of governing body: Advisory board for Ministry of Education
ADMISSIONS TO HIGHER EDUCATION
Admission to non university higher education studies
Name of secondary school credential required: Ylioppilastutkinto/Studentexamen
Alternatives to credentials:
Recognized equivalent credentials, e.g. International Baccalaureate.; completed upper secondary school or a three-year vocational qualification
Entrance exams required:
Various types of entrance examinations
Other admission requirements:
.
Admission to university-level studies
Name of secondary school credential required: Ylioppilastutkinto/Studentexamen
Alternatives to credentials: Other equivalent credentials, e.g. International Baccalaureate; completed upper secondary school or a three-year vocational qualification. After having completed a certain part (approx. 60 credits) of open university studies, students can apply for a study place at the respective university, in the respective degree programme.
Entrance exams required: Various types of entrance examinations
Foreign students admission
Definition of foreign student: The term foreign student usually applies to all the students, regardless of nationality or native language, who have completed their secondary education in any country other than Finland. Other definitions are also used by universities: definition may depend on nationality or native language of the student.
Admission requirements: Students must have completed secondary education. Enrolment or eligibility to enrol in an institution of higher education of corresponding level in the country of origin. Universities select their students independently. Entrance examinations may apply.
Entry regulations: Students who are not from Nordic countries or the European Union must have a visa and a valid residence permit before arrival in Finland if their studies take more than three months.
Language requirements: In most cases, students must have good working knowledge of Finnish or Swedish. In some cases, they must show proof of their good knowledge of English.
Application procedures:
Apply to individual institution for entry to: Universities and Polytechnics
Recognition of studies & qualifications:
Studies pursued in home country (System of recognition/accreditation): Universities, polytechnics and their programmes are assessed by the Finnish Higher Education Evaluation Council (http://www.finheec.fi)
Studies pursued in foreign countries (bodies dealing with recognition of foreign credentials):
ENIC/NARIC, National Academic Recognition Information Centre, National Board of Education (Opetushallitus)
Head: Jukka Sarjala, Director-General
Administrative officer: Carita Blomqvist, Contact person, Counsellor of Education
PO Box 380 (Hakaniemenkatu 2)FIN-00531 HelsinkiFinland
Tel: +358(9) 774-775
Fax: +358(9) 7747-7201
EMail: recognition@oph.fi
WWW: http://www.oph.fi/english/
Deals with credential recognition for entry to: Profession
Other information sources on recognition of foreign studies: Universities: academic recognition of credentials in order to enter the university. National Board of Medico-legal Affairs and Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry: authorization to practise Medical professions.
Special provisions for recognition:
For the exercise of a profession: Recognition is required for certain public posts. As a member of the European Union, Finland implements the directives on recognition of qualifications.
Multilateral agreements concerning recognition of foreign studies
Name of agreement: Convention on the Recognition of Study Attainments in the Nordic Countries
Year of signature: 1976
Name of agreement: European Agreement on Continued Payment of Scholarships to Students Studying Abroad
Year of signature: 1991
Name of agreement: European Convention on the Academic Recognition of University Qualifications
Year of signature: 1991
Name of agreement: European Convention on the Equivalence of Diplomas Leading to Admission to Universities
Year of signature: 1991
Name of agreement: European Convention on the Equivalence of Periods of University Study
Year of signature: 1991
Name of agreement: European Convention on the General Equivalence of Periods of University Study
Year of signature: 1991
Name of agreement: Protocol to the European Convention on the Equivalence of the Diplomas Leading to Admission to Universities
Year of signature: 1991
Name of agreement: Unesco Regional Convention for the Europe Region on the Recognition of Academic Studies, Diplomas and Degrees
Year of signature: 1982
Name of agreement: Unesco: Recommendation on the Recognition of Studies and Qualifications in Higher Education
Year of signature: 1993
References to further information on foreign student admissions and recognition of studies
Title: Higher education in Finland: an introduction
Publisher: CIMO
Year of publication: 1999
Title: Recognition of Qualifications taken outside Finland
Publisher: National Board of Education (www.oph.fi/english)
Year of publication: 2002
Title: Study in Finland. International Programmes in Finnish Higher Education
Publisher: CIMO
Year of publication: 2001
STUDENT LIFE
Main student services at national level
Employment Offices, Ministry of Labour
PO Box 34FIN-00023 ValtioneuvostoFinland
Tel: +358(9)18561
EMail: Kirjaamo.Tyoministerio@mol.fi
WWW: http://www.mol.fi
Category of services provided: Academic and career counselling services; Employment services
Finnish Student Health Service
Töölönkatu 37 AFIN-00260 HelsinkiFinland
Tel: +358(9)405-051
Category of services provided: Social and welfare services
Services available to foreign Students: Yes
Finnish Student Housing - Suomen opiskelija-asunott Oy
Kalevankatu 4 A 1600100 HelsinkiFinland
Fax: +358(9) 6803-3451
EMail: info@soa.fi
Category of services provided: Social and welfare services
Services available to foreign Students: Yes
National student associations and unions
The National Union of Finnish Students (SYL)
Kalevankatu 3 A 4600100 HelsinkiFinland
Tel: +358(9) 9680-3110
EMail: syl@syl.helsinki.fi
WWW: http://www.syl.helsinki.fi
Union of Finnish Polytechnic Students (SAMOK)
Mäkelänkatu 56, 3rd floor00510 HelsinkiFinland
Tel: +358(9) 8560-7600
Fax: +358(9) 8560-7699
EMail: kvasiat@samok.fi
WWW: http://www.samok.fi
Health/social provisions
Social security for home students: Yes
Social security for foreign students: Yes
Foreign student social security provisions: National Sickness Insurance Scheme covers foreign students who stay in Finland more than 12 consecutive months, for EU & Nordic countries and, if there is a reciprocal agreement, even shorter periods.
Special student travel fares:
By road: Yes
By rail: Yes
By air: Yes
Available to foreign students: Yes
Student expenses and financial aid
Student costs:
Average living costs: 670 (Euro)
Home students tuition fees: Minimum: 0 (Euro)
Foreign students tuition fees: Minimum: 0 (Euro)
Bodies providing information on student financial aid:
Centre for International Mobility (CIMO)
PO Box 343 (Hakaniemenkatu 2)FIN-00531 HelsinkiFinland
Tel: +358(9) 7747-7064
Fax: +358(9) 7747-7910
EMail: cimoinfo@cimo.fi
WWW: http://www.cimo.fi
Deals with: Grants
Category of students: Advanced level students and researchers.
The Social Insurance Institution (KELA) Centre for Student Financial Aid
PO Box 228Vapaudenkatu 48-5040101 JyväskyläFinland
Tel: 358(20) 434-6770
WWW: http://www.kela.fi/english
Deals with: Grants and Loans
Category of students: Foreigners who have lived in Finland for at least two years or for some other reasons than studies and whose residence in Finland is considered permanent. In some cases, others may also qualify. Contact your university first.
Publications on student services and financial aid:
Title: Grants and Study Aid for Foreigners living in Finland
Publisher: The National Union of Finnish Students
Title: Higher Education in Finland. An Introduction
Publisher: CIMO
Year of publication: 1999
Title: Scholarships for foreign post-graduates and young researchers
Publisher: CIMO
Year of publication: 1999
Title: Study Abroad 2000-2001
Publisher: UNESCO/IBE
Year of publication: 1999
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION & EXCHANGES
Principal national bodies responsible for dealing with international cooperation and exchanges in higher education:
Centre for International Mobility (CIMO)
PO Box 343 (Hakaniemenkatu 2)FIN-00531 HelsinkiFinland
Tel: +358(9) 7747-7064
Fax: +358(9) 7747-7910
EMail: cimoinfo@cimo.fi
WWW: http://www.cimo.fi
Ministry of Education
PO Box 293Meritullinkatu 1000171 HelsinkiFinland
Tel: +358(9) 160-041
Fax: +358(9) 135-9335
EMail: kirjaamo@minedu.fi
WWW: http://www.minedu.fi
Participation of country in multilateral or bilateral higher education programmes
Name of exchange programme: ISEP
Name of exchange programme: NORDPLUS
Name of exchange programme: Other EU programmes of higher education
Name of exchange programme: SOCRATES, LEONARDO
GRADING SYSTEM
Usual grading system in secondary school
Full Description: Upper secondary school: 4-10; 0 (fail) - 7 (improbatur - laudatur) for Matriculation Examination. Vocational education: 1-5.
Highest on scale: 10 (upper sec. school) / 5 (vocational educ.)
Pass/fail level: 5 (upper sec. school) / 1 (vocational educ.)
Lowest on scale: 4 (upper sec. school) / 1 (vocational educ.)
Main grading system used by higher education institutions
Full Description: There is no uniform system. Most systems are as follows: 1(lowest)-3 or satisfactory, good, excellent; 1(lowest)-5; pass/fail
Highest on scale: 3/excellent (FI erinomaiset,SV utmärkta); 5
Pass/fail level: 1/satisfactory (tyydyttävät,nöjaktiga); 1
Lowest on scale: 1/satisfactory; 0
Other main grading systems
For theses, most usually: approbatur (lowest), lubenter appr., non sine laude appr., cum laude appr., magna c.l.appr., eximia c. l. appr. and laudatur (highest). Scale 1-5 (highest) also in use.
NOTES ON HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM
Data for academic year: 2001-2002
Source: National Board of Education, Helsinki, 2002
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